BABY AND CHILDHOOD RESPIRATORY DISORDERS: BRONCHIOLITIS
Bronchiolitis is a serious condition occurring in infants under the age of two years, most often during cold winter months. The bronchioles, the tubes into which the larger air-containing bronchi divide, become inflamed and infected, and allergies may play a part. It often recurs, and it is often confused with asthma. It may be caused by viruses or bacteria, or items to which the little patient is allergic.
The tiny air passages become inflamed and their walls swell up, blocking the normal free passage of air. There is then difficulty in breathing, and breaths are rapid and shallow. The infant may rapidly become prostrate. There may be a cough. There is often a wheezing noise as the infant tries to get air in and out of the lungs.
As the condition advances, the infant may become a dusky blue colour (called cyanosis by the doctors), as carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood. With every breath, the area between the ribs may seem to be indrawn, indicating respiratory distress. And with the struggle for enough breath, the infant may lose fluid, perspire heavily and become dehydrated. If left untreated, the condition may become worse, leading to exhaustion, lack of oxygen and serious consequences.
Treatment
Any infant who is obviously developing symptoms of this nature needs emergency medical attention. If you cannot get your own doctor promptly, take the child to the emergency department of the nearest big hospital where facilities are available.
Immediate treatment in a warm, moist atmosphere is essential. Expert nursing, antibiotics, supportive therapy, fluid replacement under skilled supervision are all-important. With adequate treatment, there is usually a good response within 24 to 36 hours.
If an allergy is the basis of the disorder, recurrences are likely. If the infant improves and it t has been due to an infection, recurrences are not likely.
In any case in which there is obvious respiratory difficulty and the child does not respond to simple measures, never neglect to obtain prompt expert help. It may save a life.
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